Childhood obesity is becoming a growing problem in our society. According to recent studies, the number of overweight and obese children is increasing every year. This is a serious threat to the health and future of our society. One of the main causes of childhood obesity is improper nutrition and lack of physical activity. Despite considerable efforts by health services and the promotion of healthy eating habits over the past 30 years, the situation with overweight and obesity worldwide has not improved in any country. The number of obese people continues to grow and childhood obesity is alarmingly high.
Causes of childhood obesity
The main cause of childhood obesity doctors call excessive calorie intake from food. Most are sure that chubby cheeks and overstretches on the arms and legs of the child are indicators of good health, and the extra kilograms will eventually go into growth. The baby is constantly trying to be fed: cookies, candy, and bread all supplement the main meals.
Less common reasons that contribute to the appearance of overweight in children are:
- lack of physical activity;
- heredity;
- metabolic disorders;
- endocrine pathology (hypothyroidism, excess of adrenal hormones);
- improper daily routine, lack of sleep;
- taking certain medications for a long time (hormonal agents, antidepressants);
- genetic abnormalities, etc.
Symptoms of childhood obesity
The main symptom of childhood obesity is an increase in the amount of subcutaneous fatty tissue. Its distribution, as well as secondary signs depend on the form of pathology. Alimentary type of obesity in children is usually manifested by excess fat in the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, back, chest, face and arms. Pathology is accompanied by:
- decreased sensitivity to physical activity,
- shortness of breath even with little activity,
- increased blood pressure.
If untreated, excess weight causes insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and nephropathy in children.
Signs of secondary obesity in each child manifest themselves in a different way, since they depend on the cause of the problem. Thus, in Icenko-Cushing’s syndrome, fat is deposited, mainly in the abdomen, face and neck, accompanied by the development of excessive hair. In polycystic ovary syndrome, excessive weight is accompanied by excessive fatty skin, acne and irregular menstruation. The doctor’s task in this case is not only to determine the fact of obesity, but also to identify its cause, as well as associated problems.
Prevention of childhood obesity
- The number of products from 30 to 50 or more items per week is the key to a variety of food ingredients.
- Choose foods consciously (avoid convenience foods and highly processed foods).
- Balance your food plate – 1/2 fruit vegetables fiber, 1/4 protein and 1/4 slow carbohydrates.
- A regimen of meals is better than chaotic meals.
- Don’t skip breakfast for an evening meal.
- Desserts – a small portion once a day (no larger than the palm of a child’s hand).
- Refuse sweet drinks in any form, quench thirst with plain water.
- Gadgets separate from food.
- According to numerous studies, evening meals at any age (except for infants) should be 2-3 hours before bedtime, the average amount of evening food is equal to 1/2 of breakfast or lunch calories.
Treatment of obesity in children
Treatment of childhood obesity, regardless of its cause, is a complex and lengthy process that requires the involvement not only of doctors but also of the child’s parents. It is important that every member of the family understands the importance of all prescribed measures and follows the instructions of the nutritionist and other specialists. It is important for parents and all family members to set the right example and adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Modern clinical recommendations for the treatment of obesity of the 1st and 2nd degree in children include, first of all, diet and physical activity. The metabolism of a child is much more intense than that of an adult, so compliance with the basic rules of nutrition is the key to success.
The diet for an overweight child is built according to the following rules:
- minimum of sweet and fatty foods, salt;
- regular consumption of clean water in sufficient quantities;
- split meals in small portions;
- the last meal 3 hours before bedtime;
- exclusion of fast food, sodas, chips, etc.
The menu of a child with obesity includes sugar-free dairy products of medium fat content, baked, boiled or steamed dishes of lean meat, poultry or fish, cereals and sweet fruits in moderate quantities, vegetables without restrictions.
Physical activity will not only accelerate weight loss, but also tighten the skin, strengthen muscles. The complex of exercises is built with the participation of a doctor and takes into account the initial body weight of the child, his age and wishes. Play sports, competitions, daily gymnastics or strength exercises – movement should bring pleasure.
Treatment of childhood obesity of severe forms, in addition to sports and diet, includes medications, correction of hormonal and other disorders. Gastric reduction surgery and other bariatric surgery techniques are allowed only from the age of 18.
Conclusion
Childhood obesity is a serious problem that requires a comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment. The main measures are proper nutrition, physical activity and adherence to daily regimen. Early intervention and family support play a key role in the management of obesity. Treatment includes diet, exercise and, in complex cases, medication or surgery. It is important not only to lose weight, but also to establish healthy habits that will ensure the child’s long-term health and well-being.
